1. What is the difference between colon cancer and rectal cancer?
Colon and rectal cancers are actually very similar — but the difference lies in what part of the large intestine the cancer affects. The colon and rectum make up a long, muscular tube that most people know as the large intestine. The first part of the large intestine is the colon and at the end of it is the rectum.

Cancers in the colon and rectum usually grow slowly and may start as benign polyps. These polyps are found during a colonoscopy, and early removal of polyps may prevent it from becoming cancer. Over 95 percent of colon and rectal cancers start in the cells that line the inside of the large intestine.

Cancer of the colon and/or rectum is the third leading cause of cancer in men and the fourth leading cause of cancer in women worldwide.

2. Who is at risk for colorectal cancer?
There are several risk factors for developing cancer of the colon and/or rectum including:

• Age — people aged 50 and over should be screened, with frequency depending on medical history;
• Medical history — a personal history of polyps or colorectal cancer increases your risk;
• Family history — a family history of colon cancer also raises your risk of developing the disease;
• Inherited syndromes — certain syndromes such as Familial Adenosis Polyposis (FAP) also increase your chances of developing colorectal cancer;
• Ethnicity — Studies have shown higher incidence of colorectal cancer in African-Americans and Ashkenazi Jews;
• Diet & lifestyle — diets high in red meat and overcooked foods, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption are all risk factors;
• Overall health — underlying conditions like type 2 diabetes can increase your chances of developing colon and/or rectal cancer.

3. What is the treatment and survival rate for rectal cancer?
Surgery is usually the most common treatment for stages I, II and III rectal cancer — although radiation and chemotherapy will often be given before surgery to try and shrink the tumor and kill off cancerous cells in affected tissue.

There are several types of surgery for rectal cancer. Stage IV rectal cancer is treated primarily with chemotherapy and palliative surgery, if necessary. Palliative surgery provides a treatment that will relieve a problem (such as a bowel obstruction) but does not lead to a cure.  In the case of obstruction, a colostomy surgery would be performed.

4. What does it mean to have a permanent colostomy bag?
Colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings a portion of the large intestine (colon) through the abdominal wall. Waste (stools) moving through the colon drain into a bag that is attached to the abdomen. It is done when the cancer is removed from the rectum or to bypass an obstruction caused by colon cancer. 
 
Contrary to people’s perception, having a colostomy bag is hygienic and can be very discreet because the bag can be well-hidden under clothing.
 
For some patients suffering from rectal cancer, colostomy surgery may be part of a curative treatment, while for others, it may be relief for an incurable situation. But either way — patients who are candidates for this procedure often see significant improvements in their quality of life.

5. What do you think about the trend of patients trying to treat themselves with herbal remedies?
I think that including alternative treatments with conventional medicine can be very beneficial to patients as long as it’s under the guidance of a medical doctor who supports this course of treatment and monitors a patient’s progress and overall health. I certainly don’t think that alternative treatments should replace conventional therapy and patients need to be careful because there are a lot of scams out there that may or may not be harmful, and can take a financial toll.

6. What are some of the reasons a person might seek alternative treatment?
One of the most effective uses of alternative medicine in cancer patients is to alleviate pain associated medical treatment. For example, acupuncture has been proven to help with pain and other negative side effects like nausea brought on by chemotherapy or surgery. Certain types of relaxation therapy can relieve anxiety associated with a course of conventional treatment. And there are some natural herbs that aid in calming nausea or vomiting — which are often side effects of chemotherapy.

So for patients who want to use alternative medicine to alleviate negative side effects of medical treatment or to enhance the healing effects of conventional therapy — physician-monitored alternative treatments can help. But again, there is no evidence to support alternative therapies being used in place of conventional medicine — whereas we have a wealth of evidence supporting the effects of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery in the treatment of cancer.

8. What advice do you have for people thinking of skipping out on medical treatment and trying alternative therapies for cancer?
Often when people are initially diagnosed with cancer, they often don’t feel sick (especially if the cancer is caught early) so a lot of times, the thought of going through medical treatment seems beyond the realm of comprehension.

There are no regulations for alternative treatments, and in most cases, no proof they work. If doctors give a medication and patients have severe negative side effects — that medication is studied and pulled from the market. But with a lot of these herbal remedies, there is no proof that these treatments work. Each patient is different and each situation is different. So what a patient really needs to consider when they talk to their doctor about their diagnosis, is how much they really want to risk.

It comes down to what your current treatment options are, and their effect on your quality — and ultimately quantity — of life.

Dr. Cynara Coomer is an assistant professor of surgery specializing in breast health and breast cancer surgery at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. She is a FOX News Health contributor providing medical expertise on a variety of topics in cancer research with a focus on women’s health, breast diseases and tips for healthy breasts at any age.

During the past three decades, obesity in America has been on the rise, in part due to increased calorie consumption and portion sizes. Did you know about half of this increase can be attributed to sweetened beverages? A recent study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that around 37 percent of our total daily liquid calories come from sugar-sweetened drinks. Not only has the number and variety of calorically dense drinks been on the rise, but the average soft drink portion is now 20 ounces, a whopping 50 percent greater than the 12-ounce portion of thirty years ago!

So what exactly does this mean for our waistlines? One 20-ounce soda has about 250 calories and 68 grams of sugar — with no nutritional benefits. That’s like eating 17 teaspoons of sugar, much more than you would add on your own to your morning coffee or tea. Adding an extra 250 calories every day will lead to gaining 25 pounds in just one year!

In addition, studies suggest that when people consume more calories in the form of beverages, they do not compensate by eating or drinking less. This is because the calories are often “empty,” or nutrient-poor, and do not get your metabolism moving the same way a nutritious meal or snack would. Especially with these jumbo portions, it is easier to drink more than eat a greater amount of solid food, which would offer more satiation than the liquid calories.

With the increasing obesity rates, even the government is taking action on this matter. According to the Wall Street Journal, Senate leaders are considering new federal taxes on soda and other sugary drinks to help pay for an overhaul of the nation’s health care system. Its unclear how much the tax will be, but even at a proposed 3 cents per can, about $24 billion would be generated over the next four years. What would the government do with the money? Expand health insurance coverage to all Americans. Whether or not this would help decrease soda consumption is unclear, but it might make Americans think twice about what they are drinking.

The bottom line is if you’re just starting out on a weight loss plan, the easiest way to cut calories is to eliminate liquid calories from soda, juice, and sweetened teas. Stick to water, unsweetened teas/coffee and other zero-calorie beverages. Every pound is equal to 3500 calories so if you cut out that 250-calorie drink every day, you’d lose at least 2 pounds every month. And that’s without any other change in your diet!

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of www.Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

Whether at the park, on the beach or in your own backyard, a family picnic is a great way to spend time together while bonding over delicious food and fun activities. Unfortunately, traditional picnic foods, like dips and mayonnaise-based salads, can wreak havoc on anyone’s health. With a little modification, you can enjoy a picnic without compromising your waistline and while keeping your family happy and healthy!

Colorful Crisp Produce:
Go raw! Get your picnics off to a ‘fruitful’ start by packing your cooler with a wide variety of colorful fruits. The more colorful produce you add to your menu, the healthier the meal. If they are in season, there is nothing quite like a juicy watermelon to finish the meal. Sliced apples, berries and dried fruit like raisins and dried apricots are perfect travel snacks without the mess of fruits you have to peel. Of course, don’t forget to pack your cooler with a burst of color from vegetables, providing your family picnic with antioxidants and essential vitamins and minerals. Try baby carrots, slices of celery, cucumbers and peppers, cherry tomatoes and broccoli. All of these are perfect for dipping into low-fat or fat-free dressings for a fun and nutritious snack.

Powerful Protein:
Pack slices of lean chicken, turkey, ham or roast beef and top them on a salad or sandwich for a delicious, healthy meal. Nuts can also boost your protein and fiber intake when sprinkled onto salads, but note-to-self: Watch your portions, because although they are high in healthy fat, the calories can quickly add up.

Say cheese! An ounce or two of low-fat cheese adds bold and tasty flavors to any sandwich, cracker or salad. Low-fat or fat-free yogurts make a yummy fruit dip, a savory veggie dip or just a plain old snack. If you’re bringing a grill, store lean chopped turkey, lean steaks and chicken at a safe temperature in a cooler. When grilling, avoid food poisoning or dangerous situations by making sure you follow instructions on how to properly clean, grill, and serve these meats.

Hearty Whole-Grains:
Refined breads, rolls and starchy pasta salads can pile on lots of calories and little fiber. Choose whole-grain products like whole-wheat rolls or whole-wheat pita bread, for an added boost of fiber and nutritional value without sacrificing taste. Bring along whole-wheat tortillas—kids love the fun shape of a rolled up sandwich. Turkey and veggies, lean ham and low-fat cheese, and peanut butter and jelly are all great options for fillings. Another kid tip: Use a potato chip bag clip to seal your wrap and keep the healthy contents from going to waste!

Delectable Desserts:
Berries, cherries and apples — oh my!  Instead of baking them in a cobbler, which can be over 400 calories a slice, arrange a colorful fruit platter or fruit salad, which is sure to satisfy any sweet tooth. Top your fruit with single-serving, low-fat puddings which are easy to store and mess-free, or add a dollop of fat-free whipped cream to tantalize your taste buds. If you can’t help but indulge in cakes or cookies, opt for ones that are low-fat and high in fiber, like World of Grain cookies. Pack along high-fiber cereals to add to yogurt with berries for a delicious parfait. 

Best Beverages:
It’s so easy to become dehydrated without even knowing it, especially when you are outdoors playing in the sun, hiking or tanning. Kids are especially prone to losing fluids, and often don’t want to interrupt their fun to drink. Beat the heat with plenty of ice water, sparkling water, unsweetened iced tea and an assortment of low-calorie beverages. You can freeze water bottles the night before and use as cold packs to keep food and drinks cold.

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of www.Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

Over the past few years, the hottest trend in the food industry has been the onslaught of healthy food labeling, like “healthy fats, fat-free, low-fat,” etc.  They are everywhere it seems. Unfortunately, many of these foods are packed with fat, sugar and empty calories.  Below are some of the most devious diet foods today. Don’t fall into the hidden traps.

Olive oil: Sure it’s heart-healthy, monounsaturated oil, but it’s also rich in calories and fat. Oil is oil, whether its olive oil, or some other kind of oil, it still has 120 calories and 14 grams of fat per tablespoon. You’re better off using a pat of butter (for bread) than dipping it in olive oil because the bread sops up the oil like a sponge. So a little bit of butter is better than a lot of olive oil.

Tuna fish: Think that tuna sandwich is a light lunch? Think again. The average overstuffed tuna sandwich served in a restaurant contains 700 calories and 43 grams of fat. The culprit? The mayo. Tuna fish has just 35 calories per ounce and it’s full of omega-3s, but mayonnaise has 100 calories per tablespoon. You’re better off having a turkey or even a roast beef sandwich. Even chicken salad is better than tuna salad, because tuna is so fine there’s a lot more surface area for the mayonnaise to fill. Switch to fat-free mayo or mustard to save on more than half the calories and fat.

Granola: Granola may sound like the healthiest term, but beware — it’s often loaded with tons of calories and fat. That’s because granola cereals often contain oils, including coconut oil — which is high in saturated fat, sugar, nuts and other high-calorie foods. Something like Fiber One has 60 calories per half cup and 14 grams of fiber versus a half cup of granola, which was 240 calories, 5 to 10 grams of fat and just 3 grams of fiber. Increasing your fiber intake is the key to feeling full and satiated.

Sushi: Japanese food is inherently healthy, but when you Americanize it and start adding things like cream cheese and avocado, that’s when you run into problems.  For example, a spicy tuna roll has 290 calories and 11 grams of fat, and a tempura roll has 320 calories and 17 grams of fat. Instead opt for lean tuna sashimi, which has about 35 calories and 1 gram of fat per ounce. You’re better off going with sashimi, miso soup (36 calories) and a salad (35 calories with a tablespoon of non-creamy ginger dressing).

Frozen diet meals: Sure Lean Cuisine and Weight Watchers frozen entrees are fairly low in calories and convenient, but they’re also highly processed and high in sodium. I understand the convenience factor, but most of these meals have more than 600 milligrams of sodium, the portions are really small and they’re not very satisfying.  So you eat one for dinner and then by 9:00 p.m. you’re hungry again. You’re better off eating a slice of whole-wheat bread with some light sauce and light mozzarella, or an egg white omelet with some vegetables.

Protein bars: Another convenient food — but not very nutritious — protein bars are basically glorified candy bars. They’re also often high in calories, fat and do little to satisfy a person’s hunger. A better choice is grabbing a piece of fresh fruit and a piece of string cheese or some dark chocolate and an ounce of nuts. These combinations of fiber and protein will help fill you up without filling you out.

Pretzels: They’re low in fat and low on nutrition. They’re basically empty calories, inherently, pretzels themselves are not unhealthy, but they’re basically all sugar so they’ll make you hungrier and you’ll gain weight as a result of over-eating. Instead, opt for whole-grain crackers to satisfy the crunch with a boost of fiber and spread some low-fat peanut butter or cheese on it. If it’s just the snack factor you’re looking for, pop some popcorn in your microwave for a low-cal, healthy snack of fiber and protein.

Fat-free, sugar-free muffins: Regardless of whether a muffin is fat-free or sugar-free, they still usually have around 600 calories. It’s nothing but cake in disguise, especially these double chocolate chip-type muffins. But even bran muffins are very dense and very high in calories. The same thing goes for scones. People think that because they’re not sweet, they’re healthy.

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of www.Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

Soy is not just recommended for women!  Scientific consensus supports soy as a part of a healthful lifestyle, and experts agree that soy is safe and healthy for men to consume in moderate amounts each day (2-3 servings daily).  Soy is a rich source of isoflavones, substances that mimic the effects of the female hormone estrogen — leading to concerns of whether or not this will have adverse effects on the male hormone.  Not only do researchers say there is no evidence of this when soy is eaten in moderation, but there are numerous studies showing the positive effects of soy on men’s health. 

Soy doesn’t just reduce cholesterol, but according to studies done at Tulane University, by bulking up on soy protein, you can lower your blood pressure. Soy may help by providing amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonin, tryptophan and valine) that expand blood vessels. Researchers from several Universities have concluded that adding 25 grams of soy protein to your daily diet helps lower the most damaging form of blood cholesterol — low-density lipoprotein (LDL) — by up to about10 percent.

In addition, Researchers from Japan’s National Cancer Center found that increased intake of soy isoflavones significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer by as much as 50 percent. If all this isnt enough to convince you to bite into a soy burger, there has been evidence that soy can minimize hair loss, keep blood sugar levels stable and help with overall digestive health.

Soy is a must have for everyone. Soy is good for the heart because it is high in soy protein and fiber, contains heart-healthy fats, and is low in saturated fat. Soy is an all natural nutrient-rich food delivering high-quality protein, carbohydrates and fiber. It is also full of essential vitamins and minerals such as zinc, magnesium, iron and bone-building calcium.

With soy’s increase in popularity, manufacturers have been producing more soy products to receive these amazing health benefits. Below are some ways to incorporate soy into your daily diet:

Breakfast: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so start your morning off right. Soy milk  enhances any cereal or oatmeal. If that doesn’t do it for you, combine a low-fat soy yogurt with a high-fiber cereal and berries for a breakfast that will leave you satiated throughout the day.

Lunch: You don’t have to clog your arteries with a high-fat meal like pizza or cheeseburgers. Enjoy a whole grain veggie sandwich with melted soy cheese or soy burgers on whole-wheat buns with all the fixings. You can also toss soy-filled edamames into your salad for some added soy protein.

Snack: When you’re on-the-go, avoid the mid-afternoon crash with some soy nuts. Smear a tablespoon or two of soy nut butter on an apple or whole-wheat crackers. These snacks will fill you up without filling you out.

Dinner:  Start your meal off with a soy-based miso soup, which will help keep you full until you get to your main dish. Try opting for a tofu stir fry which will tantalize your taste buds. Get creative and add soy cheese crumbles to your favorite pasta dishes.

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of www.Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

I recently read an article about a cancer patient who chose to use herbal remedies over a surgical procedure that could quite possibly have saved her life. Leslee Flasch was barely 50 years old when doctors told her she would need surgery for her rectal cancer that would leave her wearing a colostomy bag for the rest of her life. She had tried other conventional therapies, but refused surgery and turned to herbal supplements she had researched on the Internet. Her condition worsened and she eventually died.

This story is just the latest in what seems to be a growing trend of alternative treatments breaking into mainstream medicine — and in some cases, replacing it. In fact, a recent report even suggests that 60 percent of cancer patients try herbal remedies — and sometimes, the consequences are deadly.

Leslee Flasch’s story has prompted some questions about colorectal cancer and about the treatment of cancers with alternative therapies, so I sat down to answer some of them here. 

1. What is the difference between colon cancer and rectal cancer?
Colon and rectal cancers are actually very similar — but the difference lies in what part of the large intestine the cancer affects. The colon and rectum make up a long, muscular tube that most people know as the large intestine. The first part of the large intestine is the colon and at the end of it is the rectum.

Cancers in the colon and rectum usually grow slowly and may start as benign polyps. These polyps are found during a colonoscopy, and early removal of polyps may prevent it from becoming cancer. Over 95 percent of colon and rectal cancers start in the cells that line the inside of the large intestine.

Cancer of the colon and/or rectum is the third leading cause of cancer in men and the fourth leading cause of cancer in women worldwide.

 
2. Who is at risk for colorectal cancer?
There are several risk factors for developing cancer of the colon and/or rectum including:

• Age — people aged 50 and over should be screened, with frequency depending on medical history;
• Medical history — a personal history of polyps or colorectal cancer increases your risk;
• Family history — a family history of colon cancer also raises your risk of developing the disease;
• Inherited syndromes — certain syndromes such as Familial Adenosis Polyposis (FAP) also increase your chances of developing colorectal cancer;
• Ethnicity — Studies have shown higher incidence of colorectal cancer in African-Americans and Ashkenazi Jews;
• Diet & lifestyle — diets high in red meat and overcooked foods, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption are all risk factors;
• Overall health — underlying conditions like type 2 diabetes can increase your chances of developing colon and/or rectal cancer.

 
3. What is the treatment and survival rate for rectal cancer?
Surgery is usually the most common treatment for stages I, II and III rectal cancer — although radiation and chemotherapy will often be given before surgery to try and shrink the tumor and kill off cancerous cells in affected tissue.

There are several types of surgery for rectal cancer. Stage IV rectal cancer is treated primarily with chemotherapy and palliative surgery, if necessary. Palliative surgery provides a treatment that will relieve a problem (such as a bowel obstruction) but does not lead to a cure.  In the case of obstruction, a colostomy surgery would be performed.

4. What does it mean to have a permanent colostomy bag?
Colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings a portion of the large intestine (colon) through the abdominal wall. Waste (stools) moving through the colon drain into a bag that is attached to the abdomen. It is done when the cancer is removed from the rectum or to bypass an obstruction caused by colon cancer. 
 
Contrary to people’s perception, having a colostomy bag is hygienic and can be very discreet because the bag can be well-hidden under clothing.
 
For some patients suffering from rectal cancer, colostomy surgery may be part of a curative treatment, while for others, it may be relief for an incurable situation. But either way — patients who are candidates for this procedure often see significant improvements in their quality of life.

5. What would Leslee Flasch’s quality of life have been like if she had sought conventional treatment?
There’s still a lot we don’t know about this particular case. But I can say that If her cancer was caught in the in the early stages, the chances of her being cured would have been very good.  Colorectal cancer is almost always treatable if caught early.  She may not have required a colostomy if the cancer was treated in the very early stages when it was still small in size. 

Even in stage II and III, she could have been treated with surgery and chemotherapy and had an excellent prognosis. If she had agreed to a colostomy, she would have been able to return to her normal activities and lifestyle — and nobody would even be aware of the bag. 

In general, when treated at an early stage, most colorectal cancer patients survive at least 5 years. If the disease does not come back during this time, they are considered cured. Stages I, II, III are considered potentially curable.  Once the cancer spreads to other areas of the body (stage IV), the 5-year survival rate drops, and most cases are not curable.

6. What do you think about this trend of patients trying to treat themselves with herbal remedies?
I think that including alternative treatments with conventional medicine can be very beneficial to patients as long as it’s under the guidance of a medical doctor who supports this course of treatment and monitors a patient’s progress and overall health. I certainly don’t think that alternative treatments should replace conventional therapy and patients need to be careful because there are a lot of scams out there that may or may not be harmful, and can take a financial toll.

7. What are some of the reasons a person might seek alternative treatment?
One of the most effective uses of alternative medicine in cancer patients is to alleviate pain associated medical treatment. For example, acupuncture has been proven to help with pain and other negative side effects like nausea brought on by chemotherapy or surgery. Certain types of relaxation therapy can relieve anxiety associated with a course of conventional treatment. And there are some natural herbs that aid in calming nausea or vomiting — which are often side effects of chemotherapy.

So for patients who want to use alternative medicine to alleviate negative side effects of medical treatment or to enhance the healing effects of conventional therapy — physician-monitored alternative treatments can help. But again, there is no evidence to support alternative therapies being used in place of conventional medicine — whereas we have a wealth of evidence supporting the effects of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery in the treatment of cancer.

8. What advice do you have for people thinking of skipping out on medical treatment and trying alternative therapies for cancer?
Often when people are initially diagnosed with cancer, they often don’t feel sick (especially if the cancer is caught early) so a lot of times, the thought of going through medical treatment seems beyond the realm of comprehension.

There are no regulations for alternative treatments, and in most cases, no proof they work. If doctors give a medication and patients have severe negative side effects — that medication is studied and pulled from the market. But with a lot of these herbal remedies, there is no proof that these treatments work. Each patient is different and each situation is different. So what a patient really needs to consider when they talk to their doctor about their diagnosis, is how much they really want to risk.

It comes down to what your current treatment options are, and their effect on your quality — and ultimately quantity — of life.

Leslee Flasch is a perfect example of someone whose quality and quantity of life could have been extended by conventional therapy.

Dr. Cynara Coomer is an assistant professor of surgery specializing in breast health and breast cancer surgery at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. She is a FOX News Health contributor providing medical expertise on a variety of topics in cancer research with a focus on women’s health, breast diseases and tips for healthy breasts at any age.

Not only does calcium support healthy bones, especially in women, new studies find that a calcium-rich diet may also lower their risk of developing many types of cancer.  A new study, conducted by the National Cancer Institute, found a direct link between calcium intake and reduced risk of colorectal and other digestive system cancers. 

Study:
• This 7 year study of nearly half a million participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study focused on calcium from food as well as supplements.
• Yikyung Park, ScD and colleagues analyzed data from over 290,000 men and 198,000 women ages 50-71.
• Half the men and 57 percent of the women reported taking a multivitamin containing calcium. Fourteen percent of the men and 41 percent of the women took calcium supplements.

Results:

• WOMEN: The women with highest calcium intake were at 23 percent less risk for all digestive system cancers than those with the lowest intake, and 28 percent less prone to colorectal cancer in particular. The risk decreased in women with intake of up to 1,300 milligrams per day.

• MEN: The men decreased their risk by 16 percent for all digestive cancers and 21 percent less risk of colorectal cancer. The risk decreased in men with an intake of up to 1,530 milligrams per day.

Conclusion:
• Calcium has been shown to reduce abnormal growth and induce normal turnover among cells in the gastrointestinal tract and breast.
• Calcium also binds to bile and fatty acids, potentially reducing damage to the mucous membrane in the large intestine.
• The Institute of Medicine calls for 1,200 milligrams of calcium daily for adults. The 2005 federal dietary guidelines recommended three cups per day of low-fat or fat-free dairy products.

Surprising Sources of Calcium:
Skim Milk (1 cup): 302 milligrams
Non-Fat Yogurt (6 ounces):415 milligrams
Low-fat Cottage Cheese: 138 milligrams
Canned Salmon (3.5 ounce can): 277 milligrams
Broccoli (1/2 cup cooked): 68 milligrams
Spinach (1/2 cup cooked): 84 milligrams
White beans (3/4 cup): 120 milligrams
Orange (1 large): 74 milligrams
Strawberries (1 cup): 24 milligrams

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of www.Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

It is that time of year again … ‘Tis the season for barbeques!! Although barbeques are great for the whole family, BBQ foods can be high in saturated fat, low in fiber and packed with calories. If you are trying to maintain your shape or lose a few pounds for bikini season, don’t fret, there are so many healthy and delicious foods to substitute.

Tanya’s Tips

1) Simply grill it: With barbeques comes barbeque sauce. One tablespoon of sweet barbeque sauce has 20 calories, 4 carbohydrates and no fiber. Although this doesn’t seem like a lot of calories, who only uses 1 tablespoon of BBQ sauce? Eliminating sauces can be an easy way to cut calories.

2) Choose lean protein: Lean meats, such as chicken, fish, turkey and sirloin provide less calories, saturated fat and cholesterol than high-fat meats, such as hot dogs, and full-fat hamburger meat. One ounce of lean protein has 45-65 less calories, and 5-8 grams less fat than high-fat meat. Opt for chicken or shrimp skewers, and if your hamburger craving is a must, chose USDA Select or Choice grades of lean beef trimmed of fat, such as ground sirloin.

3) Choose whole-grain buns: Whole-grain products have more fiber than white bread. Remember, fiber is the indigestible part of carbohydrate that provides bulk without any calories. Fiber fills you up without filling you out.

4) Skip the potato and pasta salads: Traditionally-made potato and pasta salads are loaded with calories and fat. They provide excess calories in the form of carbohydrate without any fiber, which may cause drops in blood sugar, making you feel lethargic and irritable an hour after you eat them. Instead, make a big salad mixed with all your favorite veggies. Spinach and rocket lettuce are in season — or throw some sliced vegetables on the grill — asparagus is also in season and grills very nicely.

5) Choose your alcohol wisely: Alcohol is allowed on the F-Factor diet, however, some choices are better than others. So, if you want to have a drink in the shade and you are a beer-lover, try low-carb beer. Otherwise, chilled white wine is always yummy or vodka and Crystal Light tastes great, especially when it is blended with some ice!!

6) Don’t forget to hydrate: Although alcohol is allowed on the F-Factor diet, drinking in the sun can speed up the effects of alcohol. Alcohol plus sun can equal headache and dehydration. Therefore, it is important to drink adequate water when the sun is hot, especially if you are drinking alcohol. Drinking 6-8, 8 oz. glasses of water every day is great for your skin, helps regulate bowel function and will prevent dehydration, so don’t forget to DRINK UP!

F-Factor Best Bets

*On the Grill – a serving size is about 4-5 oz.

Depending on how lean the meat you buy is, this will vary. Try to get lean meat, trimmed of fat.

Instead of Potato Salad and Cole Slaw – Try this!

Tanya’s House Salad

1 bag romaine hearts (or spinach, rocket lettuce)
1 bag baby carrots
2 celery hearts
1 red pepper
1 seedless cucumber
1 box cherry tomatoes
1 14-ounce can hearts of palm
1 14-ouce can garbanzo beans
1 red onion

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of www.Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

The topic of anal cancer has gotten a lot of media attention lately because of Farrah Fawcett’s very public battle with the disease. And it’s raised a lot of important questions about advances in cancer treatment and the future for patients fighting the battle of their lives.

What is anal cancer and who is at risk for it?

Anal cancer is characterized by the growth of a tumor around the anus ― which is opening at the end of the intestinal tract — and it’s completely different from colon cancer. A large proportion of anal cancers have tested positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted disease, but this isn’t the only cause.

Other patient populations at a greater risk for developing anal cancer include patients with multiple sexual partners, those who participate in anal intercourse, smokers, people with immunosuppressive diseases, such as HIV, and people with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.

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What is the treatment for anal or intestinal cancer?

If it’s caught early, the most common treatment for anal cancer is surgery. But in patients whose cancer affects the anal sphincter, having surgery to remove the tumor and cancerous cells can lead to fecal incontinence causing the need for a permanent colostomy. So often for these patients, radiation and chemotherapy may be the preferred course of treatment. For later stage anal cancers, doctors treat patients with a combination of radiation and chemotherapy.

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What is the cure rate for anal cancer?

Well ― like any cancer, early detection greatly increases the chance of survival. If it’s caught in the early stage, there is an 86 percent five year survival rate. If the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, the survival rate decreases to 54 percent. Up to 10 percent of patients treated for anal cancer will develop cancer elsewhere in the body.

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What kind of advances are we making in cancer research?

We have made advances with regard to the surgical treatment of cancers by offering minimally invasive surgeries. In some cases, we’re able to provide surgical treatments with less negative side effects and shorter recovery time. Clinical studies have shown that other treatments like radiation and chemotherapy may be just as effective as surgery without many of the negative side effects.

With regard to medical treatments, there have certainly been advances in the kinds of treatments we’re using. New medical technologies are making it possible for doctors to individualize a patient’s treatment by studying the genetic makeup of their particular cancer — ultimately decreasing the chances of recurrence or spread of the cancer, and increasing a patient’s survival outcome.

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What are the major milestones/accomplishments we’ve seen in cancer research recently?

Well again, one of the major milestones is being able to identify the genetic makeup of cancers individual to each patient.

The other advancement is the research that’s been done in molecular-targeted therapies. These therapies target the development of cancers by inhibiting the growth of the disease at the cellular level — which we hope will be able to limit or potentially even stop the cancer from spreading.

Molecular-targeted therapy is a more specific treatment than chemotherapy, because chemo treatment kills off not only the bad cells — but also the healthy cells in the body. So with a therapy that is very specific in its attack of cancerous cells, the hope is that it should more be effective in stopping the development of the cancer.

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What are some tips for preventing cancer?

We’ve all heard it time and time again — good health comes from making healthy choices. So my first tip would be stop smoking! I’m sure I don’t have to tell you, cigarettes are full of cancer-causing agents and have been linked to the development of many cancers in the body.

Second, everything in moderation including alcohol! If you’re the kind of person who enjoys a nice cocktail, make sure you do it in moderation, which means 1 or 2 glasses — preferrably of red wine — or else,  just avoid alcohol all together.

Make healthy dietary choices. Try to maintain a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and fruits and vegetables. Both provide essential nutrients and antioxidants which help ward off disease. Limit the amount of read meat you consume, since high levels of it have been linked to certain cancers.

Recent studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role protecting against the development of certain diseases. Because exposure to small amounts of sunlight causes the body to produce healthy amounts of vitamin D, people who live in cold environments or places with extended seasons of darkness may want to consider getting their vitamin D levels checked and taking supplements.

And finally — know your family history so you can better determine your risk for other cancers, because your screenings for certain cancers may start earlier than what is recommended to the general population, and preventive therapies may be an option for you.

Dr. Cynara Coomer is an assistant professor of surgery specializing in breast health and breast cancer surgery at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. She is a FOX News Health contributor providing medical expertise on a variety of topics in cancer research with a focus on women’s health, breast diseases and tips for healthy breasts at any age.

In the past few years, omega-3 fatty acids have become increasingly popular with their numerous amounts of health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids work as an anti-inflammatory agent that helps reverse the processes of heart disease, cancer and many other conditions.  As of Monday, April 13th, new research has just been added to the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition on the effects of walnuts and fish on heart disease.

Researchers from Loma Linda University concluded that in healthy individuals walnuts lowered cholesterol more than fish, while fatty fish lowered triglyceride levels ultimately both reducing the overall risk of coronary heart disease. This study was conducted to show everyone including the healthiest of people how imperative and easy it is to simply add walnuts and fatty fish to their daily diet.

The American heart association recommends eating fish 3 times a week to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Using this as a guideline, the researchers found that healthy people who included fatty fish twice a week, decreased triglyceride levels by 11.4 percent. In addition, adding 1.5 ounces of walnuts to their eating regimen lowered their LDL levels by 9.3 percent compared to a control diet based on USDA recommendations. Studies have shown that walnuts can significantly reduce blood cholesterol. Walnuts are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and they also help keep blood vessels healthy and elastic.

Some of the highest levels of omega-3 fats can be found fish like mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, albacore tuna, and salmon.  The reason for this being, that fish is a good source of protein and doesn’t have the high saturated fat like ones found in fatty meats.  

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.