MYTH: EATING AFTER 8 CAUSES WEIGHT GAIN
The reason most people think that eating at night causes weight gain is because people tend to eat extra at night, not taking into account what they have already eaten during the day. Well, the way it works is that at the end of the day, the more calories you eat, the more weight you gain — regardless if it’s during the day or at night.  Even the healthiest foods, when eaten in greater amounts than needed for energy, will be stored as fat. It is not possible to circumvent the laws of thermodynamics and energy balance. It all comes down to calories in vs. calories out.
However, the reason most people do gain weight from eating at night is because they have a late dinner after not eating for a long period of time. This makes it hard to make good food choices and also to keep portions in control. You may end up picking up a slice of pizza or two whereas if you weren’t as hungry you would have time to cook a healthy dinner without sabotaging your diet.

The second concern that comes with late night eating is “mindless” snacking in front of the TV or hanging out with your buddies. People tend to pig out on ice cream, cookies, or pizza (not on celery and carrots) and this leads to weight gain because it is usually extra calories taken in.

So aim to spread your calories throughout the day and if you do have to eat a late dinner, don’t worry about it leading to weight gain as long as you have not overeaten during the day.  Try and eat most of your carbs during the day (carbs are used for energy so eat them at breakfast, lunch and snack to fuel your activities: work, school, gym, etc). At night, focus on eating protein and vegetables since most likely your lying around and don’t need the energy from carbs.

MYTH: SUGAR MAKES KIDS HYPER
This is a huge myth. It has even spawned a popular phrase:  “sugar buzz.” But when researchers put it to the test, they found no evidence that sugar led to hyperactivity in kids or adults. Researchers found that hyperactivity of children at parties or any type of festivity is from the environment they are in. In fact, in one study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, they gave some kids sugared foods and gave others foods with artificial sweeteners. Their parents and the researchers didn’t know who was eating sugar and who wasn’t. They monitored the kids for things like irritability and hyperactivity and they found no difference. 

Another cause for hyperactivity could be from caffeine found in soda or even chocolate. Sugar may have an effect on kids with established hyperactivity, but it won’t make a non-hyperactive child become hyperactive. All sugar will do will increase your energy level, but it won’t cause hyperactivity. Many people still blame sugar for their children’s “wild” behavior, but technically speaking there is no science that proves this.

Any food that affects blood-sugar levels can create an adrenaline surge, which will lead to a burst of energy. However, many kid-favorite, sugary snacks are lacking fiber which is the  reason why your child may become hyperactive.  So if your child is often bouncing off the walls of your home, simply swapping an orange for orange juice or high-fiber cereals for sugared varieties, will keep their blood sugar levels normal.

MYTH: SWALLOWED GUM STAYS IN YOUR BODY FOR 7 YEARS
For the most part, gum is as indigestible as a paper clip. Gum is made from gum resin, flavoring and sweeteners. The human body cannot digest gum resin. Many of us were told as children that it would stick to our insides for seven years, but that is absolutely not true. Our bodies move indigestible material through our digestive systems and out of our bodies in bowel movements.

Many people don’t realize this, but chewing gum can cause bloating because it causes you to swallow air. All that air gets trapped in your GI tract and causes pressure, bloating, and belly expansion.

There is absolutely no nutritional benefit to gum. Sugar-free gum often contains sorbitol. Sorbitol is a sugar substitute that acts as a laxative, which draws water into the large intestine. As little as four sticks of sorbitol-containing gum can cause bloating and abdominal pain.

MYTH: ORGANIC FOOD IS HEALTHIER THAN CONVENTIONAL FOODS
According to The Institute of Food Technologists, organic food is no healthier than conventionally grown foods. Organic food means that its ingredients were grown without chemical pesticides, fertilizers or insecticides. It’s healthy because there are no chemicals, but organic doesn’t necessarily mean the food is nutritious.

Of course, even organic or all-natural food can pack on pounds. So be careful you don’t get carried away.  Take organic potato chips and cookies for example. Over eating these will still make you fat!

Considering organically-grown food can cost more than twice as much as conventionally-grown food, sticking to a diet rich in whole grains, lean protein, fruits and vegetables is your best bet to your healthiest and happiest diet.

MYTH: RAW VEGETABLES ARE ALWAYS BETTER THAN COOKED VEGETABLES
Not so. The amount of nutrients you get from vegetables can differ for a number of reasons, such as how long you store them and how (or if) you cook them. Although cooking vegetables can lose nutrients, cooking can sometimes increase the amount of nutrients available to the body. An example of this is the antioxidant lycopene in tomatoes. Cooking tomatoes releases more lycopene than is available in raw tomatoes.  In addition, in January, a report in The Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry concluded that cooking carrots, zucchini and broccoli was better than eating them raw.

Loss of nutrients can occur in cooking because some vitamins, like vitamins B and C, dissolve in water. Some can be lost if the vegetables are boiled for too long. Steaming or stir-frying helps retain the vitamins when you cook vegetables. The fact of the matter is vegetables are powerhouses of nutrition, no matter which way you eat them. Whether raw or cooked, five servings of vegetables a day are recommended for good nutrition.

MYTH: CARBS MAKE YOU FAT
One of the greatest diet myths is that carbs make you fat.  Nothing can be further from the truth. If the only thing you ate all day was a bagel, that bagel would not make you fat.  It’s not that carbohydrates make us fat; it’s the quantity we eat which packs on the pounds. For example Italians live on pasta. Yet they eat pasta as their starter-primo piatto, which consists of 1 ½ cups equaling 375 calories. Then they follow with a segunda or main course of lean meat or fish and vegetables.

In the United States, on the other hand, we most often eat pasta as our main course. A typical main course serving of pasta in this country is about 4 cups, or 1,000 calories. Big difference! 

The secret to eating carbs and shedding pounds is eating high-fiber carbohydrates. Fiber is the zero calorie, indigestible component of carbohydrates. The more fiber a food contains, the less digestible carbohydrate there is. It is the net carbohydrate, not the total carbohydrate that gets converted and stored as fat.  High-fiber carbohydrates have lower net carbohydrates than foods that contain no fiber. In addition, fiber adds texture, bulk and chewing satisfaction, which aids in consuming fewer calories, yet still feeling full. Choose whole grain breads, cereals, fruits vegetables, and legumes to fill your tank without gaining weight. 

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

Don’t those models look so good with their milk mustaches? Well you should try one! Studies show that drinking 3 glasses of low-fat or fat -ree milk a day can help maintain a healthy weight and have better quality diets, compared to those who didn’t.

Milk provides you with essential nutrients such as:
• Calcium: Which helps build strong bones and teeth.
• Potassium: Which helps maintain normal blood pressure.
• Protein: Which serves as a source of energy.
• Vitamin A: Which helps maintain normal vision and skin
• Vitamin D: Reduces the risk of heart disease and protects against many cancers.
• Vitamin B12: Which is required for normal cell activity. It also protects against the risk of stroke and Alzheimer’s disease.

Today, there are many different varieties of milk,  but here are some other alternatives to your typical milk:

Soy Milk:
For people who are vegans or lactose intolerant, soy milk is the perfect drink for you. People who drink soy milk have much to gain because it is made from beans which contain fiber, while dairy milk has none. Soy milk is also a good source of protein, and although it contains more fat than reduced-fat 2 percent milk, it is low in saturated fat and cholesterol free. Although it is not a good natural source of calcium, some brands of soy milk are fortified with calcium and vitamin D. Soy milk is a good source of isoflavones — estrogen compounds that seem to have a myriad of health benefits.

Lactaid Milk:
Approximately 75 percent of the world’s population (including 40 million Americans) is lactose intolerant. Lactaid milk contains the same nutrients as regular milk — the only difference is that lactose has been broken down so that it is easily tolerated by those people who are intolerant to it. Lactose is the predominant sugar in milk products. An enzyme called lactase is produced in the small intestine and breaks down lactose so it can be absorbed into the blood stream. It is not usually serious, but symptoms can be bothersome, so Lactaid milk is the perfect option for a dairy-free diet.

Organic Milk:
Organic milk is the purest and healthiest form of milk. Organic milk means that cows’ feed, such as corn, soy and hay were grown organically. In addition, organic regulations prohibit the use of antibiotics and synthetic growth hormones. Organic regulations also mandate specific humane animal standards including access to fresh air and pasture. However, organic milk can be at least twice the price of regular milk, and there is still a debate over whether this milk is really worth your money.

Don’t worry, you don’t have to force yourself to drink a glass of plain milk! Here are some helpful and tasty ways to receive your three servings of milk a day:

• Use milk instead of water in your oatmeal
• Pour it over a bowl of cereal
• Stir it up into hot chocolate
• Blend it with frozen fruit for a delicious smoothie
• Grab a skim latte or cappuccino
• Substitute cream in soup for milk

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and founder of Skinnyandthecity.com.    She is also the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

Carbohydrates (meaning “carbon plus water”) are the most efficient fuel for your body. They provide steady healthy energy. Along with fat and protein, carbohydrates are an essential nutrient. The two major forms of carbs are: simple sugars (simple carbohydrates), found in sugars such as fructose, glucose, and lactose, as well as in nutritious whole fruits; and starches (complex carbohydrates), found in foods such as starchy vegetables, grains, rice, and bread and cereals.

What makes carbs different from other essential nutrients (fat and protein) is that they are easily converted to energy by the body. Furthermore, the simplest carbohydrate, glucose, is essential fuel for the brain and muscles. When glucose is absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream, blood-glucose levels increase, and your pancreas begins to secrete insulin to help get that sugar out of the blood and to the brain and muscles. The problem occurs when too much glucose over-whelms the metabolism. In other words, if you regularly eat great amounts of foods with refined starches and sugars—the bad carbs—the pancreas makes too much insulin and the blood sugar drops too far, which, in turn, makes you feel hungry. Furthermore, muscle cells will stop taking in the glucose, and so more of this sugar will be stored as fat, which will result in weight gain.

GOOD CARB FOODS: Complex carbohydrates are the good carbs. Among good carbs are high-fiber, low-sugar fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole oatmeal and all other whole grains, and all types of beans (a Latin staple!). Sweet potatoes, brown rice, grapefruit, fat-free milk (organic and in moderation, please), whole grain pasta (also in moderation), and apples, like other good carbs, cause a gradual rise in blood-sugar levels, which is optimal for sustained energy, mental clarity and focus, and a balanced mood. Also, eating good carbs will help curb your cravings for bad carbs, which in turn can help you avoid chemical imbalances in the brain that can cause depression.

NOTE: I always recommend buying organic products, because they’re free of potentially harmful ingredients.

People often ask me if organic food is worth the price since it’s often more expensive than conventional produce.  My answer is “sometimes.”

Organic foods are grown without chemical fertilizers, insecticides or pesticides.  People often choose to buy organic because they don’t want to consume any chemicals and/or they are doing to their part to conserve the environment.  In fact, organic foods are so popular that nearly a quarter of American shoppers now buy organic products once a week.  But are they more nutritious than conventional foods?  The answer is probably not.
Studies suggest that organic foods do not contain more vitamins or nutrients than conventionally grown foods.  So if you are choosing organic, do so because you don’t want to ingest chemicals or you want to help sustain the environment—not because you want more vitamin C.

If you are concerned about pesticide residue, spend your money on buying organic foods that you eat whole (with the skin—where the residue would be).  Apple, cherries, grapes, nectarines, pears, peaches, raspberries and strawberries contain the most residues so these may be worth spending a few extra cents on.  Kiwi, mango, bananas, papaya and pineapple (all fruits you peel,) contain the least residue and you can save your money and buy conventional.

Keep in mind that organic doesn’t always mean freshest.   Many people are choosing to buy from local farms because the food is fresher even it isn’t organic.  Keep in mind many areas of the country can’t grow produce year round, so if you are buying organic oranges in the winter, chances are they traveled from California or farther to get to your market.  Eating seasonally is the best way to ensure that you are getting the freshest and most nutritious foods available.

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.

Q:  I’m confused about the difference between whole wheat and whole grain? I thought that whole grain was supposed to be better. But, recently I bought some whole wheat rolls that had 5g of fiber, and the whole grain rolls had only 3g of fiber per serving. Isn’t more fiber better? What gives?

A:  Having “whole grains” is one of the most popular marketing claims and the most confusing.  Lately it seems that you can find “made with whole grains” on almost all products, including sugary breakfast cereal. But don’t confuse “whole grain” with “whole wheat.”  The impression may be that “whole grain” is a good source of fiber.  In reality, refined white flour (no fiber) — with just a touch of whole wheat flour added back in — can be listed as “whole grain.”  That’s why many items that say “made with whole grains” have virtually no fiber.

Instead, look for products made from 100 percent whole wheat. If “whole wheat flour” is not the first ingredient, skip it. It’s the whole wheat flour that contains fiber. Fiber is essential for weight management (it keeps you feeling full on few calories) and for reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, adult onset diabetes, breast and colon cancer.

Q:  How safe are organically grown foods? Aren’t some of the chemicals we use for our protection? On both crops and on livestock?

A:  Organically grown foods are just as safe as non-organic foods found in your local markets. What makes a food organic is that is was produced without using conventional pesticides, fertilizers made with synthetic ingredients, or radiation. The USDA had developed strict labeling rules to help consumers know the exact organic content of the food they buy. Look for the USDA Organic seal on produce and food containers.

Food that isn’t organic does not pose a danger to your health. The USDA spends billions of dollars on testing to make sure that the chemicals and fertilizers used to grow produce and to feed to livestock do not pose any health threats to the public. Whether you buy organic or not is a personal decision. Just keep in mind that the healthiest diets are based on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and low fat dairy items. Eating organic potato chips is not going to help you lose weight!

Tanya Zuckerbrot, MS, RD is a nutritionist and the creator of The F-Factor Diet™, an innovative nutritional program she has used for more than ten years to provide hundreds of her clients with all the tools they need to achieve easy weight loss and maintenance, improved health and well-being.  For more information log onto www.FFactorDiet.com.