The Fourth of July weekend is here and whether you’re planning a barbecue at a park, the beach or in your own backyard, don’t forget the sunblock. Sunblock is a major factor in protecting you from getting skin cancer from sun exposure.  According to The Skin Cancer Foundation, “more than 90 percent of all skin cancers are caused by sun exposure and sunscreens are a key weapon in the arsenal against the disease.” 

So, here are some of the answers to what people want to know about sunblock.
 
What makes the sun harmful?
 
There are two types of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that the sun emits.  They are UVA and UVB rays.  UVB rays are the rays that cause sunburn.  UVA rays penetrate the skin more deeply and cause long-term damage, such as wrinkling, leathering, sagging, and other effects of aging.
 
What is the UV Index?
 
The UV Index provides a forecast for the risk of overexposure to the sun.  Knowing the UV Index gives you an idea about the dangers of overexposure to the sun when you are working or playing outside.  It is calculated on a daily basis by the National Weather Service and the Environmental Protection Agency.  The measurement is based on the clouds and local conditions that will affect the amount of UV rays to hit the ground. 
 
It ranges from zero to 10+.  Zero implies a low risk of overexposure to the UV rays of the sun and 10+ is a very high risk of overexposure.  For the average person, a UV Index of 3 to 5 is a moderate risk of overexposure to the sun
 
How can we protect ourselves from the harmful effects of sun?
 
o Limit your exposure to direct sun, i.e., spend time in the shade.
o Wear protective clothing if you’ll be in the sun for along periods of time, especially, a wide brim hat.
o Whether you’re in the direct sun or in the shade, use sunblock with a SPF of 15 or higher.

What is SPF?
 
SPF is an acronym for Sun Protection Factor.  It is laboratory measurement of a sunscreen’s ability to filter the UVB rays to prevent sunburn.  The higher the SPF, the more protection it provides against the sun.  In other words, if you burn in eight minutes and you use a sunblock with a SPF of 10, it will take you 80 minutes to burn.  If you use SPF 15, it will take 120 minutes for you to burn. 
 
In reality, the protection provided depends on several factors:  The person’s skin type, the amount applied and the frequency of application, activities that are engaged in while the product is on, and amount of sunscreen that is absorbed into the skin.
 
How should you apply sunblock?
 
Frequently and liberally!  Despite the fact that it adds hours on to the time it takes for a person to burn, it is best to apply it at least every two hours.  Apply it more frequently, if you are swimming or sweating.  It should also be applied liberally — one ounce per use.  Therefore, if you buy an 8 ounce bottle, it should only last for 8 uses.
 
Which is the best number to get?
 
Anything above SPF 15 is best.  SPF 15 will filter out 92 percent of the UVB rays, SPF 30 will filter out 97 percent of the rays and SPF 50 will filter out about 98 percent. 
 
Whatever number you get, remember to apply it frequently and liberally!
 
What is the best kind to get? 
 
It does not have to the most expensive one on the shelf to be the most effective.  You should look for ones that filter the UVA and UVB rays.  Look for ones that are waterproof or sweatproof.  Needless to say, take waterproof and sweatproof with a grain of salt.  If you go swimming for more than a quick dip and you’re sweating more than a droplet on your forehead, it’s not enough to apply it once.  If you go swimming, apply it again when you come out of the water.  If you’re sweating, apply it more frequently.
 
Are there clothes that have SPF?
 
A regular white T-shirt has an SPF of 3.  There are clothes that are made with zinc oxide and can provide an SPF of 30.  Tighter knit clothing also provides some protection.  Always try to wear a wide-brim hat to give more protection too. 
 
Am I protected from the UV rays in the shade?
 
The shade does provide some protection but the UV rays of the sun can reflect off the water, sand, concrete, and snow (not usually a problem in the summer!) and then penetrate the skin.  So sitting in the shade does provide good protection, but you still need to apply sunscreen.
 
And remember, whether you’re walking on the beach or just sitting on the porch reading a book, it’s always a good idea to have a bottle of sunblock close by. It’s a key factor in reducing your risk of developing skin cancer.

If you have questions about protecting yourself from the harmful rays of the sun or skin cancer – email Dr. Manny at Drmanny@foxnews.com.

Dr. Cynara Coomer is an assistant professor of surgery specializing in breast health and breast cancer surgery at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. She is a FOX News Health contributor providing medical expertise on a variety of topics in cancer research with a focus on women’s health, breast diseases and tips for healthy breasts at any age.

Winter is in full swing across the country, with temperatures hovering below freezing.   Many people experience dry, irritated, cracked and chapped skin due to the combination of cold air coupled with extreme temperatures from indoor heating and outdoor sports.  This time of year can be especially challenging for patients with eczema (a common condition where the patient experiences skin dryness and recurring skin rashes.)

The best way to prevent dry, irritated and chapped, cracked skin is to keep it fully moisturized.  The first and simplest step that I recommend to my patients is using a humidifier indoors.  Humidifiers add moisture to the air which can help you feel better and avoid getting sick.  The additional moisture can eliminate or minimize a dry nose, prevent dry, itchy or cracked skin along with helping many avoid allergy and asthma problems.  Most patients notice a difference in the skin severity immediately after the humidifier is in place. 

The second step to reducing the symptoms of winter skin is to use a moisturizer with a higher oil content.  These moisturizers form a layer of protection that literally locks in moisture. Ointments are also another good choice. An ointment is basically a water and oil emulsion that can contain as much as 70 to 80 percent oil.  You can also use any products on the market for “extra” dry skin.  While these do not contain as much oil as ointment, they do have higher oil content than traditional moisturizers, and this will definitely help protect and condition skin while reducing itchiness and redness associated with winter skin.

The greatest way to moisturize skin in winter months is to apply a moisturizer or ointment immediately after showering.  During this time, there is the added benefit of locking in the moisture.  Be sure to use warm (not hot) water for your showers. A hot, steamy shower or bath, while it can feel great on a cold day, can actually make your skin feel worse.  Opt for warm showers and for best results, pat skin dry and immediately apply a highly moisturizing lotion or ointment.  This will definitely help improve your skin and prevent it from drying out.

This blog wouldn’t be complete until we stress the importance of using sunscreen ― even in winter.  Sunscreens are not just for the beach and sun bathing.  Use a sunscreen everyday without exception.  I suggest using a broad spectrum sun block with at least an SPF of 15, but preferably a SPF of 30.

Other helpful tips include dressing in layers to prevent skin from becoming too cold or too overheated (indoors).  Sweaty, moist skin when combined with extreme and sometimes harsh temperatures can cause further irritation. 

In addition, drink plenty of water.  Not only does this help your skin replenish moisture, it helps your body in countless ways. 

This is the advice I have given my patients for years and I hope that it helps reduce your dry and itchy skin so that the winter months can be more enjoyable.

Dr. Neil Sadick is one of the most renowned dermatologists and researchers whose multiple discoveries have strongly influenced and transformed the future of dermatology. He is a Professor of Dermatology at Weill Cornell Medical College and President of the Cosmetic Surgery Foundation. Dr. Sadick is author, or co-author, of more than 500 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and has contributed more than 75 chapters of medical books. Read more at www.sadickdermatology.com.

With Thanksgiving behind us, we are quickly approaching the holiday season!  There are several skin and body care tips that can help keep you looking your best, while at the same time, keeping your skin healthy and young.

Whether you go on vacation this year or stay near home, you are always exposed to ultraviolet rays when outdoors.  With innovation and advanced technology, we have changed the paradigm to protect your skin against harmful sun damage, free radicals and environmental toxins.  I believe that the best protection is achieved by using a broad-spectrum sunblock (that protects against shortwave UVA and longwave UVB light) along with a high-potency antioxidant cream (containing active agents such as resveratrol, idebenone and vitamin C, and coffeeberry).

Whether you are skiing with your family or on the beach enjoying the sunshine, do not forget that the strongest sun exposure occurs between the hours of 12 noon and 4 pm.  These are the times you should minimize your sun exposure.  If you get sunburned, new red light LED sources are available from your dermatologist that can accelerate healing, reduce redness and decrease the potential for damage to your skin. 

During the winter holiday season, especially in colder climates, our skin gets drier.  So it’s important to stay away from hot showers which dry the skin and to be sure to apply generous amounts of moisturizer to your entire body while your skin is still damp. Moisturizers with SPF are always a good bet because they automatically protect your skin.

There are also several procedures that can make your skin look better with no downtime.  It may be a Botox treatment, filler treatment with Restylane, Juvederm, Radiesse or new generation collagen fillers such as Evolence that can get rid of those unwanted folds and lines.  These will all give immediate results and give you a refreshed, youthful appearance.

To make your skin look fresher, consider a light chemical peel, laser peel, microdermabrasion or an Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) photo rejuvenation treatment.  These are all easy, virtually painless, and have little to no downtime.  But remember; you should do such treatments at least two weeks before a big event or celebration. 

Dr. Neil Sadick is one of the most renowned dermatologists and researchers whose multiple discoveries have strongly influenced and transformed the future of dermatology. He is a Professor of Dermatology at Weill Cornell Medical College and President of the Cosmetic Surgery Foundation. Dr. Sadick is author, or co-author, of more than 500 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and has contributed more than 75 chapters of medical books. Read more at www.sadickdermatology.com.

As we know, SPF gives you a relative scale of protection for how long you can stay out in the sun without becoming sunburned versus the time it would take you to burn without using sunscreen.  Sunscreens are graded from SPF 2 to SPF 70.  The question is when is it necessary to use a higher numbered blocker versus a lower numbered blocker and are higher numbered blockers actually that more efficacious to justify the higher cost?

For example, if it takes you three minutes to burn and you use an SPF 15, it would take you 45 minutes to develop a burn.  SPF 15 gives you 15 times the sun protection.  It is generally recommended that most individuals will benefit from using a sunscreen in 30-to-45 range.  The minimal sun protection factor that is recommended would be SPF 15.  However, for those individuals who are very fair-skinned, for example of Irish-American descent or those that have a history of skin cancer – then higher numbered sun protection factors such as 45 to 70 would be indicated in those individuals. 

It is felt from scientific studies that higher SPFs do give you better sun protection; however, how much more protection they give you is still a controversial point. The general consensus is that if you are fair-skinned or if you have a history of skin cancer then higher SPFs are indicated. 

It is very important to use a sunscreen that has both UVB shortwave and UVA longwave coverage.  The SPF only measures the UVB coverage.  There is a new grading system that has been passed by the FDA which will grade UVA coverage from one to four stars based on its capability to protect against longwave UVA irradiation and that should be released in the next few years.  In terms of skin care products, many cosmeceuticals state they have sun protection factors or SPFs in them.  However, in my opinion, usually by themselves they are not sufficient enough to protect your skin from harmful irradiation because of their dilution with other ingredients.

Remember when you swim or sweat any sunscreen will be removed from the skin so it is necessary on very hot days or when you swim or have excessive sweating to reapply suncsreen every two to three hours to be sure you have adequate protection.  Sunscreens keep your skin healthy and protect against the risk of skin cancer and photoaging.  Always wear a sunscreenof SPF 15 or higher – even under clothes – for optimal protection.

Dr. Neil Sadick is one of the most renowned dermatologists and researchers whose multiple discoveries have strongly influenced and transformed the future of dermatology. He is a Professor of Dermatology at Weill Cornell Medical College and President of the Cosmetic Surgery Foundation. Dr. Sadick is author, or co-author, of more than 500 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and has contributed more than 75 chapters of medical books. Read more at www.sadickdermatology.com